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【TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramiscallingforurgentactiontoreducegrowingrisksfromchemicals.Bettermanagementofchemicalscouldsavemillionsoflivesandbillionsofdollars.Anestimatedonehundredforty-threethousand】
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TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramiscallingforurgentactiontoreducegrowingrisksfromchemicals.Bettermanagementofchemicalscouldsavemillionsoflivesandbillionsofdollars.Anestimatedonehundredforty-threethousandchemicalsarenowproduced.Yetonlythereportsaysonlyasmallnumberofthesechemicalshavebeenstudiedfortheireffectsonhumanhealthandtheenvironment.Itsaysdeathanddisabilityratesarehighfromtheunsafeuseofchemicalproducts.

SylvieLemmetdirectoroftheU.N.EnvironmentProgramsayspoormanagementofchemicalshasahigheconomiccost.ForexampleshesaysthecostishigherthantheamountofoverseasdevelopmentaidorODAforhealthcareinsub-SaharanAfrica.

Shesays:"Ifyoulookattheestimatedcostofpoisoningfrompesticideinsub-SaharanAfricaonlytheinjuryandthelossofworkingtimeisestimatedtobe6.3billionU.S.dollarsin2009.ThisishigherthanthetotalODAthatisgoingtothehealthsectorinthesamearea."

TheProgramestimatesthatchemicalsalesworldwidewillincreasebyaroundthreepercentayearuntil2050.Chemicalproductionismovingquicklyfromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries.By2020chemicalproductionisexpectedtoincreaseby40percentinAfricaandtheMiddleEastand33percentinLatinAmerica.Oneofitsbiggestconcernsispollutionofriversandlakesbypesticidesandfertilizer.Othermajorconcernsareheavy-metalpollutionfromtheproductionofcementandtextilesanddioxinpollutionfrommining.

TheU.N.reporturgesthechemicalindustryandgovernmentstoworktogethertodevelopsafetypolicies.Itsayspreventingharmcostslessthanfixingit.

63.ThepurposeofParagraph3ismainlytoindicatethat_________.

A.Theuseofpesticideiswasteful.

B.Africaneedsmoredevelopmentaid.

C.Chemicalshaveahighproductioncost.

D.Estimatedcostofchemicalsisinaccurate.

64.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasourceofdangeraccordingtothetext?

A.Pesticides. B.Fertilizer. C.Heavy-metal. D.Mineral.

65.Accordingtothetextwhatisthemainreasonforchemicalsrisks?

A.Poormanagementofchemicals.

B.Lackofresearchfundson

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