TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramiscallingforurgentactiontoreducegrowingrisksfromchemicals.Bettermanagementofchemicalscouldsavemillionsoflivesandbillionsofdollars.Anestimatedonehundredforty-threethousandchemicalsarenowproduced.Yetonlythereportsaysonlyasmallnumberofthesechemicalshavebeenstudiedfortheireffectsonhumanhealthandtheenvironment.Itsaysdeathanddisabilityratesarehighfromtheunsafeuseofchemicalproducts.
SylvieLemmetdirectoroftheU.N.EnvironmentProgramsayspoormanagementofchemicalshasahigheconomiccost.ForexampleshesaysthecostishigherthantheamountofoverseasdevelopmentaidorODAforhealthcareinsub-SaharanAfrica.
Shesays:"Ifyoulookattheestimatedcostofpoisoningfrompesticideinsub-SaharanAfricaonlytheinjuryandthelossofworkingtimeisestimatedtobe6.3billionU.S.dollarsin2009.ThisishigherthanthetotalODAthatisgoingtothehealthsectorinthesamearea."
TheProgramestimatesthatchemicalsalesworldwidewillincreasebyaroundthreepercentayearuntil2050.Chemicalproductionismovingquicklyfromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries.By2020chemicalproductionisexpectedtoincreaseby40percentinAfricaandtheMiddleEastand33percentinLatinAmerica.Oneofitsbiggestconcernsispollutionofriversandlakesbypesticidesandfertilizer.Othermajorconcernsareheavy-metalpollutionfromtheproductionofcementandtextilesanddioxinpollutionfrommining.
TheU.N.reporturgesthechemicalindustryandgovernmentstoworktogethertodevelopsafetypolicies.Itsayspreventingharmcostslessthanfixingit.
63.ThepurposeofParagraph3ismainlytoindicatethat_________.
A.Theuseofpesticideiswasteful.
B.Africaneedsmoredevelopmentaid.
C.Chemicalshaveahighproductioncost.
D.Estimatedcostofchemicalsisinaccurate.
64.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasourceofdangeraccordingtothetext?
A.Pesticides. B.Fertilizer. C.Heavy-metal. D.Mineral.
65.Accordingtothetextwhatisthemainreasonforchemicalsrisks?
A.Poormanagementofchemicals.
B.Lackofresearchfundson