Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalargepopulationhavelongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongeconomists.Ithasbeenarguedthatthesupplyofgoodlandislimited.Tofeedalargepopulation,poorlandmustbecultivated(耕种)andthegoodlandworkedintensively(精耕细作).Thus,eachpersonproduceslessandthismeansaloweraverageincomethancouldbeobtainedwithasmallerpopulation.Othereconomistshavearguedthatalargepopulationgivesmorechanceofdevelopmentoffacilitiessuchasports,roadsandrailways,whicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemand.

Oneofthedifficultiesincarryingoutaworldwidebirthcontrolprogramliesinthefactthatofficialattitudestopopulationgrowthvaryfromcountrytocountrydependingonthelevelofindustrialdevelopmentandtheavailabilityoffoodandrawmaterials.Inthedevelopingcountrywhereavastlyexpandedpopulationispressingharduponthelimitsoffood,spaceandnaturalresources,thefirstconcernofgovernmentwillbetosetalimitonthebirthrate,whateverthefinalresultmaybe.Inahighlyindustrializedsocietytheproblemmaybemorecomplex.Adecreasingbirthratemayleadtounemploymentbecauseitresultsinadecliningmarketformanufacturedgoods.Whenthepressureofpopulationonhousingdeclines,pricesalsodeclineandbuildingindustrygrowsweaker.Facedwithconcernssuchasthese,thegovernmentofadevelopedcountrymaywellprefertoseeaslowlyincreasingpopulation,ratherthanonewhichisstableorindecline.(266)

6.Themaintopicofthisarticleis_______.

A.populationgrowthB.environmentprotection

C.environmentandeconomyD.concernsofgovernment

7.Thepassagesaysthatasmallpopulationmayleadto_______.

A.lowerproduction,butahigheraverageincome

B.lowerproductionandloweraverageincome

C.higherproductionandahigheraverageincome

D.higherproduction,butaloweraverageincome

8.Accordingtothepassage,theuseofbirthcontrolperhapsisgoodfor_______.

A.adevelopedcountryB.adevelopingcountry

C.thewholeworldD.eachnationwithabigpopulation

9.Inadevelopedcountry,peoplewillperhapsbeunemployedifthebirthrate_