1.breakdown（1）破坏,毁掉；Whobrokedownthedoorsofourclassroom?谁把我们教室的门打坏了?（2）破除；Theoldrulesmustbebrokendown.这些陈旧的规章制度必须废除.（3）制服；Thepolicetriedtobreakdowntheprisoners'opposition.警方设法制服囚犯的反抗.（4）坍塌,坏掉；Becauseofexplosionthebridgebrokedownlastnight.由于爆炸,昨夜这座桥倒塌了.（5）（计划等）失败,破裂；Yourplanhasbrokendown.Whatapity!你的计划失败了,真遗憾!Whydidthepeacetalksbreakdown?为什么和谈失败了?（6）（健康、精神）崩溃；Afteralongtimeofhardwork,healmostbrokedown.长时间艰苦劳动之后,他的身体几乎垮了.（7）　分解Thismatterwillbreakdowninwater.这种物质在水中会分解.2.breakup（1）解散,驱散.如：Thepolicebrokeupthecrowd（themeeting）.警察驱散了人群（集会）.（2）（学校等）放假.如：WhendoyoubreakupforChristmas?你们什么时候放圣诞节假?（3）结束,破裂.如：Theweathershowssignsofbreakingup.好天气看样要过去了.Theirmarriageisbreakingup.他们的婚姻濒临破裂.（4）击碎,撞碎.如：Theshipbrokeupontherocks.船触礁撞毁了.Let'sbreakupthewholeintoparts.让我们化整为零.（5）绝交.如：She'sjustbrokenupwithherboy-friend.她刚与男朋友绝交.3.breakin破门而入,打断Lastnightathiefbrokeinandstoleawayhiscamera.昨夜一个小偷闯了进来,偷走了他的相机.Hebrokeinwithsomeideasofhisown.他插了话,说了说自己的一些看法.4.breakinto破门而入,突然……起来Theybrokeintotheprisonandsetfreealltheprisoners.他们冲进监狱,释放了所有的囚犯.Hearingthesadnews,theoldwomanbrokeintotears.听到这个悲哀的消息,这位老年妇女突然哭了起来.5.breakout战争爆发,争吵爆发,（火灾）发生Whendidthewarbreakout?这场战争是什么时候爆发的?Ihaveheardthataquarrelbrokeoutbetweenthem.我听说他们之间爆发了争吵.Morethanonehundredfiresbrokeoutinourcitylastyear.去年我市发生了一百多起火灾.6.breakawayfrom打破陈规；奋力挣脱；放弃习惯Youmustbreakawayfromtheseoldcustoms.你们必须破除这些旧风俗.Thedogbrokeawayfromitsownerandranaway.狗挣脱了主人,跑了.You'dbetterbreakawayfromthehabitofsmoking.你最好改掉吸烟的习惯.7.breakthrough出现,突破Itwasacloudyday,butthesunatlastbrokethrough.原本是个阴天,不过太阳最后还是出来了.Oursoldierssuccessfullybrokethroughtheenemy'sdefences.我们的战士成功地突破了敌军的防线.8.breakintopieces破成碎片Themirrorfelltothegroundandbrokeintopieces.镜子掉到地上摔成了碎片.9.breakone'sword/promise食言,说话不算数Ibelieveinhim,becauseheneverbreakshisword/promise.我信任他,因为他从来不食言.10.breakthelaw/rule违反法律/规章制度Nobodycanbreaktherulesofourcompany.没有人能违背我们公司的规章制度.11.breakforth突然发出,爆发,迸发,发作Thecrowdbrokeforthincheers.欢呼声从人群中迸发出来.12.breakintwo使破成两半WhenIhittheball,mybatbrokeintwo.击球时我的球拍断成两截.13.breaktherecord打破纪录Thisathletehasjustbrokentheworldrecordinmen'shighjump.这名运动员刚刚打破了男子跳高世界纪录.14.breakone'sheart使某人心碎,使某人悲痛欲绝Totellyouthetruth,thebadnewsbrokemyheartatthattime.说实话,那时这个坏消息使我悲痛万分.