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名词从句、定语从句
名词从句
名词从句有四类:宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句.例如:
宾语从句:Idon’tknowwherehewillgo.
主语从句:Wherehewillgoisunknown.
表语从句:Theproblemishowwecangetsomuchmoney.
同位语从句:Weallfeelsorryaboutthenewsthathefailedinthegame.
下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的:
1.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意,(即引导宾语从句时if和whether
可以互换)但以下几种名词从句要用whether(不用if)引导:
(1)引导主语从句,且在句首时.例:Whetherhehaswonthetennisisnotknown.(但
Itisnotknownwhether/ifhehaswonthetennis).
(2)引导表语从句时.例Theproblemiswhetherhecangetajob.
(3)引导同位语从句时.例:Ihavenoideawhetherhewillcome.
(4)介词后的whether从句.例:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.
2.位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘.
例如:Thathegotthefirstplaceinthecompetitionsurprisedallofus.
3.在“Itissuggested/proposed/ordered/apity/nowonder/necessary/strange/…+
that从句”结构中,that从句谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式.
例如:Itissuggestedthatwe(should)improvetherelationsbetweenus.
Itisapitythatone(should)stayinoneplaceallone´slife.
Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings(缺点).
4.在“Thereasonwhy…isthat…”句式中that不要误为because.
例如:Thereasonwhyhedidn´tgotoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.
5.名词从句中that,what用法比较:
引导名词从句的that是连词,在句中无成份,无意义,而what是连接代词,what=the
thing(s)that.
例如:Itwastoldinyesterday´snewspaperthatwhatthestudentshaddonewaspraised
bythefactory.
Iknowthathewillstudy.
Iknowwhathewillstudy.
Thatheworkshardathislessonsisknowntousall.
Whatheworkshardatisknowntousall.
AllIaskisthatyoushouldtellthetruth./Heisnotwhat(=thepersonthat)he
usedtobe.他和以前大不相同了.
6.where在名词从句中的使用特点:
where在名词从句中有时可以变为“theplacewhere”,有时可以变为“介词+theplacewhere”形式.例如:
主从:Where(=Theplacewhere)shehasgoneisstillunknown.
宾从:Wouldyoupleasetellmewhere(=theplacewhere)MrSmithlives?
表从:Yourdictionaryremainswhere(=in/attheplacewhere)youput.
同位从:Haveyouanyideawhere(=oftheplacewhere)sheisspendingherholidays?
7.无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序.例如:
Iknowwherehelives./Pleasetellmewhathernameis.
当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序(即“主+谓+(宾)”或“主+系+表”结构),将其变为间接引语(即宾语从句)时,无需改变语序.例如:
What´sthematterwithhim?Sheaskedmewhatwasthematterwithhim.
Wholooksafteryourgrandfather?Heaskedmewholookedaftermygrandfather.
名词从句考点分析
1.Theywanttoknow______dotohelpus.(NMET)
A.whattheycanB.howtheycanC.howcantheyD.whatcanthey
析:此题要选陈述语序项,故应排除C、D.又因howtheycando不完整,do后无宾
语,故也应排除,只有A项既是陈述语序,且whattheycando完整正确地表达出“他
们能做些什么”这一意思,故答案为A.
2.Histeacher______he______brightand______hewasworthteaching.
A.didn’tthink;was;thatB.thought;was;whether
C.didn’tthink;was;×D.thought;wasn´t;×
析:观察题目,可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句,这时前一个宾语从句
的引导语that可以省略,但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略,据此,可排除C、D
两个选项.若选B项,全句意思不通,而选择A项可表达“他