完形填空不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。它的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”。该题型难度大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型。下面结合历年上海高考完形填空题对完形填空题的解题策略进行分析，希望对广大学子有所裨益。　　一、利用文章首句信息解题　　完形填空首先考查考生对文章的理解能力。因此在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇。完形填空首句甚至前几句话往往是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去了解文章的思路，而且它提供的信息可以帮助考生判断全文大意甚至全文主题。掌握好了首句，有助于抓住文章主旨，通过上下文确定文章所要前进的方向。　　【例】The term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school. There are many reasons why parents choose home schooling for their children. Some parents ... Still other parents choose this type of 48 for religious reasons.（2006年上海春考）　　48.A.activity B.education C.behavior D.belief　　【解析】通过选文的首句我们就不难推断：选文讲的是与家庭教育（home schooling）有关的问题。home schooling 涵义是什么？人们为什么要选择home schooling？这正是后面文章要讲的。而随后命题者所给第一个空格正是围绕home schooling来设置的，考生只要把握好了文章首句就可以轻松地选择B（education）。　　【例】One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total.（2007年上海高考）　　【解析】通过分析选文首句，我们不难看出：选文是以一个外语教师的视角来讲述外语教学是一个彻底的失败。我们可以从此句推测本文的发展脉络——为什么失败？导致失败的因素又有哪些？这些正是后面文章所要讲述的有关内容，故在读下面段落时,可以根据这一线索来理解和选择答案。　　二、利用逻辑关系解题　　完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文给出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至全文的逻辑关系。文章的逻辑关系有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助连词或介词短语来设置选项。因此，在平时学习时就应该熟练掌握相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。　　【例】Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home？Probably so, 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners.（2005年上海高考）　　45.A.because B.but C.unless D.though　　【解析】你在朋友家或餐馆的用餐礼仪比在自己家里时要好，是因为你知道人们会据此来评判一个人的文明程度。不难判断you are aware that people judge you by your table manners是前文的理由，两句是因果关系，故用连词because。　　【例】As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 55 the faults already found out in the education system as a whole—such as 　　child-centered learning, the“discovery” method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils—there have been several serious 56（errors） which have a direct effect on language teaching.（2007年上海高考）　　55.A.Due to B.In addition to　　C.Instead of D.In spite of　　【解析】四个选项分别解释为“由于”“除……外”“代替”“尽管”。理解上下文语境可知其逻辑关系是列举或补充关系，故选B。该段主旨是：语言教学失败除了自身原因外，还有其他诸因素的直接影响。下文破折号后的there have been several...为判断其逻辑关系提供了线索。　　【例】 Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo（单独的） space flight were given plenty of work to keep them 45（busy）. They were also in constant communication with people on the earth. 46 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone.（2007年上海高考）　　46.A.So far B.After all　　C.However D.Therefore　　【解析】四个选项意思分别为“到目前为止”“毕竟”“然而”“因此”。前面三句话的意思是讲太空之旅的孤独感让人恐惧，所以宇航员作业时忙于大量工作因而其忘却孤独；最后一句话的意思是和你始终不能摆脱的人呆在一起比孤独带来的恐惧有过之而无不及（even harder than being alone）。因此