如果是做状语就看跟句子主语的关系,主动就用doing,被动用done如果此动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,主动就用havingdone;被动可用havingbeendone也可用done.放在句首的通常是状语;也有可能是做主语.如:
Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithhigh.(伴随状语)
Havingfinishedthehomework,hewentoutplaying.(先完成作业又出去玩所以用完成形式)
Exposingyourselftothesunsight,youwillgetyourskinburnt.(you跟expose主动关系)
Exposedtothesunsight,youwillgetyourskinburnt.(you跟expose被动关系)
Beingexposedtothesunsightwillgetyourskinburnt.(动名词做主语)
(后三个例句较难理解,但是很典型)
如果是做定语就看它跟所修饰的名词或代词的关系
Wehavemovedintothehousebuilt.(已经建成的)
Wewillmovetothehousebeingbuilt.(正在被建的)
Wewillmoveintothehousetobebuilt.(将要被建的)(这三个都是被动形式的)
Themanspeakingontheplatformnowismyfather.(theman与speak是主动关系)
如果是做宾语补足语,就看跟宾语的关系(有时需要记准个别单词的用法)
Ican'tgetthecargoing.(让...一直干)
Ican'tgetthetaskfinishedtomorrow.
Iwillgetmyfriendtofinishthetask.
Withalotofworktodo,Ican'tgooutnow.
Withalltheworkfinished,Icangooutnow.
Withmymomhelpingme,Icangooutnow.