Self-confidenceisanattitudewhichallowsindividualstohavepositiveyetrealisticviewsofthemselvesandtheirsituations．Self-confidentpeopletrusttheirownabilities，haveageneralsenseofcontrolintheirlives，andbelievethat，withinreason，theywillbeabletodowhattheywish，plan，andexpect．Havingself-confidencedoesnotmeanthatindividualswillbeabletodoeverything．Self-confidentpeoplehaveexpectationsthatarerealistic．Evenwhensomeoftheirexpectationsarenotmet，theycontinuetobepositiveandtoacceptthemselves．

Peoplewhoarenotself-confidentdependtoomuchontheapprovalofothersinordertofeelgoodaboutthemselves．Theytendtoavoidtakingrisksbecausetheyfearfailure．Theygenerallydonotexpecttobesuccessful．Theyoftenputthemselvesdownandtendtoignorecompliments（赞美）paidtothemBycontrast，self-confidentpeoplearewillingtoriskthedisapprovalofothersbecausetheygenerallytrusttheirownabilities．Theytendtoacceptthemselves；theydon'tfeeltheyhavetoconforminordertobeaccepted．

Manyfactorsaffectthedevelopmentofself-confidence．Parents'attitudesarecrucial（关键性的）tochildren'sfeelingsaboutthemselves，particularlyinchildren'searlyyears．Whenparentsprovideacceptance，childrenreceiveasolidfoundationforgoodfeelingsaboutthemselves．Ifoneorbothparentsaremuchtocriticalordemanding，oriftheyareoverprotectiveanddiscouragechildren'smovestowardindependence，childrenmaycometobelievetheyareunqualifiedorinadequate．

Surprisingly，lackofself-confidenceisnotnecessarilyrelatedtolackofability．Insteaditisoftentheresultoffocusingtoomuchontheunrealisticexpectationsorstandardsofothers，especiallyparentsandsociety．Friends'influencescanbeaspowerfulormorepowerfulthanthoseofparentsandsocietyinshapingfeelingsofone'sself．Studentsintheircollegeyearsreexaminevaluesanddeveloptheirownidentitiesandthusareparticularlysensitivetotheinfluenceoffriends．

25．Paragraph1mainlytalksabout___．

A．thesourcesofself-confidence

B．thelackofself-confidence

C．thedevelopmentofself-confidence

D．thebenefitsofself-confidence