log(a)(b)表示以a为底的b的对数.
所谓的换底公式就是log(a)(b)=log(n)(b)/log(n)(a).
换底公式的推导过程:
若有对数log(a)(b)设a=n^x,b=n^y
则log(a)(b)=log(n^x)(n^y)
根据对数的基本公式log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)和基本公式log(a^n)(M)=1/n×log(a)(M)
易得log(n^x)(n^y)=y/x
由a=n^x,b=n^y可得x=log(n)(a),y=log(n)(b)
则有:log(a)(b)=log(n^x)(n^y)=log(n)(b)/log(n)(a)
得证:log(a)(b)=log(n)(b)/log(n)(a).换底公式的推导:
设e^x=b^m,e^y=a^n
则log(a^n)(b^m)=log(e^y)(e^x)=x/y
x=ln(b^m),y=ln(a^n)
得:log(a^n)(b^m)=ln(b^m)÷ln(a^n)
由基本性质4可得
log(a^n)(b^m)=[m×ln(b)]÷[n×ln(a)]=(m÷n)×{[ln(b)]÷[ln(a)]}
再由换底公式
log(a^n)(b^m)=m÷n×[log(a)(b)]性质:log(a)(N)=log(b)(N)÷log(b)(a)
推导如下:
N=a^[log(a)(N)]
a=b^[log(b)(a)]
综合两式可得
N={b^[log(b)(a)]}^[log(a)(N)]=b^{[log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)]}
又因为N=b^[log(b)(N)]
所以b^[log(b)(N)]=b^{[log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)]}
所以log(b)(N)=[log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)]{这步不明白或有疑问看上面的}
所以log(a)(N)=log(b)(N)/log(b)(a)
公式二:log(a)(b)=1/log(b)(a)
证明如下:
由换底公式log(a)(b)=log(b)(b)/log(b)(a)----取以b为底的对数
log(b)(b)=1=1/log(b)(a)还可变形得:log(a)(b)×log(b)(a)=1
应该很全面了)