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英语翻译西方国家的饮食禁忌.中国的饮食文化博大精深.中国人在饮食内容上没有什么禁忌,这一点同西方人不同.他们忌吃肥肉、粘骨和鸡鸭类的皮(烤鸭、烧鸡的皮除外),忌食各种动物
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英语翻译

西方国家的饮食禁忌.中国的饮食文化博大精深.中国人在饮食内容上没有什么禁忌,这一点同西方人不同.他们忌吃肥肉、粘骨和鸡鸭类的皮(烤鸭、烧鸡的皮除外),忌食各种动物的头、脚、内脏做成的食品,忌吃各种特殊动物的肉,如狗肉、蛇肉等.忌食中国的臭豆腐、虾酱之类浓味食品,忌食大蒜或某些酸辣味道,忌食中国奇异的汤类或菜类.在饮食规矩方面,他们也有许多禁忌,比如,喝汤时忌出声;进餐时忌大吃大嚼,狼吞虎咽;用刀叉取材时忌讳叮当作响;尤其忌讳刀叉弄响了水杯.如果弄响了水杯而又不终止,便会带来不幸.自己不喜欢的饭菜要少要,或不要,忌自己的菜盘剩下东西不用;餐毕,刀叉要放在盘中规矩好,忌乱放;饭后忌当众剔牙;忌弄撒了盐;口中满嘴食物时,忌说话.

西方国家的节日禁忌圣诞节是西方的大节日,但这个节日的禁忌主要和圣诞布丁联系着.英美等西方国家在圣诞节时做布丁就像中国人过春节包饺子一样.不少西方人认为,搅动圣诞布丁能使自己在未来的一年中万事如意.因此,在做圣诞布丁时,家庭的每个成员都至少要搅动一下布丁,并许下一个心愿,并相信这个心愿极有可能实现.但禁忌是,搅动布丁只能顺时针方向,不能逆时针方向;自己许下的心愿不能告诉任何人.与英国国家一样,中国也有不少节日禁忌,但他们主要和我们的传统节目一样联系着.比如春节期间忌说不吉利的话,如“死”“病”“杀”等;忌打破器物,如果打破了,应立即说“岁岁平安”;忌正月初一这一天扫地倒垃圾,因为人们迷信这样做会把运气和财气扫除倒掉;为了同样的原因,妇女忌大年初一梳头;大年初一忌动刀铲切菜做饭,因为铁器主凶.春节期间孩子忌多说话,因为孩子的嘴没有遮拦,大人怕他们说不吉利的话,带晦气.

西方国家的数字禁忌.“13“是个令西方国家恐惧不安的数字.据圣经记载,在最后的晚餐上,餐桌上的第13个人为了30快银币出卖耶稣,而耶稣又在13日星期五被钉死在十字架上.因此西方人认为13是个不吉利的数字.在日常生活中,他们总是尽量避开这一数字.饭店里没有13号房间,请客忌讳13人.重要活动避开每月的13日.对星期五和3这个数字,很多西方人也都忌讳.特别是点烟时,忌用一根火柴或打火机连续点燃三支烟.若恰逢13又是星期五,西方人更认为是“凶日”,被称为“黑色星期五”,因为这一日是耶稣的受难日.

刘永山回答:
  FoodtaboosinWesterncountries.Chinesefoodcultureisextensiveandprofound.AtChineserestaurantsNothingtaboocontentonthisdifferentwiththeWest.Theyavoid吃肥肉,visco-boneandskin-typechickensandducks(duck,chicken,excepttheskin),忌食avarietyofanimal'shead,feetandvisceracausedbyfood,忌吃specialanimalmeat,suchasdogmeat,snakeandsoon.忌食Chinesetofu,shrimppastetastelikethedensefoods,忌食garlicorsomehotandsourtaste,忌食Chinesesoupsor菜类strange.Therulesinthecatering,theyalsohavemanytaboos,suchas,freetospeakoutwhenthesoup;eatfreemeals大嚼,devoured;withknifeandforkwhenthetaboosubjectsjinglesound;especiallytabooalarmaglassknifeandfork.Ifthealarmwithouttheterminationoftheglass,itwillbringmisfortune.Theydonotliketohavefewermeals,ornotto,avoidtherestoftheirdishessetthingsdonot;mealcompleted,knifeandforkshouldbeonthetradingrules,andavoidmisplacing;bogeyafteramealinpublic剔牙;bogeygetsprinkledwithsalt;mouthmouthedfood,speakbogey.   WesterncountriesChristmasholidaytaboosaremajorWesternholiday,butthisholidaytabooscontacttheprincipalandtheChristmaspudding.BritainandtheUnitedStatesandotherWesterncountriestodoatChristmaspuddinglikeChinaoverChineseNewYear,likedumplings.ManyWesternersthink,maketheirownChristmaspuddingstirredinthecomingyearallthebest.Therefore,makeChristmaspudding,thehomeofeverymemberatleaststirsomepudding,andthepromiseofawishandbelievethatthisaspirationisverylikelyachieve.Butthetabooisthatcanonlybestirredclockwisepudding,shouldnotanti-clockwise;owndesirepromiseshouldnottellanyone.AndtheUnitedKingdomcountries,Chinaalsohasalotofholidaytaboo,buttheyaremainlythetraditionalprogramwithusasacontact.SuchasduringtheChineseNewYearbogeyGeelysayso,suchas"Die,""sick""kill"andsoon;bogeytobreaktheartifacts,ifbroken,shouldimmediatelysay"岁岁peace";avoidlosingthefirstmonththefirstdayofgarbage,becausepeoplesuperstitiousdoingsowillremovetheluckandwealthdrained;forthesamereason,womenhairfreeNewYear'sDay;LunarNewYear'sDayanti-knifeshovel切菜cooking,becausethechiefinstigatorofiron.ChildrenduringtheChineseNewYearmanybogeyspeak,becausethechild'smouthwithoutmaskingadultsafraidofthemnotsoluckywithunlucky.   Westerncountriesthenumberoftaboos."13"isaWesterncountrytomakethefigureoffearanduneasiness.AccordingtotheBiblerecords,atthelastsupperonthetableonthefirst13peoplefor30quicksilvertobetrayJesus,andJesusalsowasonthe13thFridaycrucifixion.ThereforeWesternersdonotthink13isanunluckynumber.Intheirdailylives,theyalwaystrytoavoidthisfigure.Thereisnorestaurantonthe13throom,13peoplebanquettaboo.KeyEventsonthe13thofeachmonthtoavoid.OnFridayand3ofthisfigure,alotofWesternersarealsotaboo.Especiallywhenthecigarettelighter,amatchorlighter忌用consecutive3litcigarette.Ifitcoincideswithanother13onFriday,moreWesternersareconsider"terribleday,"knownas"Black",becausethisdayisthedayofJesuscrucifixion
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