【ProfessorJohnC.Harsanyi,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA,Dr.JohnF.Nash,PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NJ,USA,ProfessorDr.ReinhardSelten,RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-Universität,Bonn,Germany,fortheirpioneeringanalysisofequilibr】|小学英语问答-字典翻译问答网

【ProfessorJohnC.Harsanyi,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA,Dr.JohnF.Nash,PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NJ,USA,ProfessorDr.ReinhardSelten,RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-Universität,Bonn,Germany,fortheirpioneeringanalysisofequilibr】

1人问答

问题描述：

ProfessorJohnC.Harsanyi,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA,

Dr.JohnF.Nash,PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NJ,USA,

ProfessorDr.ReinhardSelten,RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-Universität,Bonn,Germany,

fortheirpioneeringanalysisofequilibriainthetheoryofnon-cooperativegames.

GamesastheFoundationforUnderstandingComplexEconomicIssues

Gametheoryemanatesfromstudiesofgamessuchaschessorpoker.Everyoneknowsthatinthesegames,playershavetothinkahead-deviseastrategybasedonexpectedcountermovesfromtheotherplayer(s).Suchstrategicinteractionalsocharacterizesmanyeconomicsituations,andgametheoryhasthereforeprovedtobeveryusefulineconomicanalysis.

ThefoundationsforusinggametheoryineconomicswereintroducedinamonumentalstudybyJohnvonNeumannandOskarMorgensternentitledTheoryofGamesandEconomicBehavior(1944).Today,50yearslater,gametheoryhasbecomeadominanttoolforanalyzingeconomicissues.Inparticular,non-cooperativegametheory,i.e.,thebranchofgametheorywhichexcludesbindingagreements,hashadgreatimpactoneconomicresearch.Theprincipalaspectofthistheoryistheconceptofequilibrium,whichisusedtomakepredictionsabouttheoutcomeofstrategicinteraction.JohnF.Nash,ReinhardSeltenandJohnC.Harsanyiarethreeresearcherswhohavemadeeminentcontributionstothistypeofequilibriumanalysis.

JohnF.Nashintroducedthedistinctionbetweencooperativegames,inwhichbindingagreementscanbemade,andnon-cooperativegames,wherebindingagreementsarenotfeasible.Nashdevelopedanequilibriumconceptfornon-cooperativegamesthatlatercametobecalledNashequilibrium.

ReinhardSeltenwasthefirsttorefinetheNashequilibriumconceptforanalyzingdynamicstrategicinteraction.Hehasalsoappliedtheserefinedconceptstoanalysesofcompetitionwithonlyafewsellers.

JohnC.Harsanyishowedhowgamesofincompleteinformationcanbeanalyzed,therebyprovidingatheoreticalfoundationforalivelyfieldofresearch-theeconomicsofinformation-whichfocusesonstrategicsituationswheredifferentagentsdonotknoweachothers'objective

郭春燕回答：

网友采纳

　　ProfessorJohnC.Harsanyi,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA, 　　约翰C豪尔绍尼教授,加州大学伯克利分校,加州,美国　　Dr.JohnF.Nash,PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NJ,USA, 　　约翰F那什博士,普林斯顿大学,普林斯顿,新泽西,美国　　ProfessorDr.ReinhardSelten,RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-Universität,Bonn,Germany, 　　莱茵哈德泽尔腾博士,教授,莱茵腓特烈威尔海姆大学,伯恩,德国　　fortheirpioneeringanalysisofequilibriainthetheoryofnon-cooperativegames. 　　因为他们对非合作博弈理论中的均衡的前沿分析（而获得诺贝尔经济学奖）.【诺奖的常用句子,所以最后几个字在英文原文中省略,这里补足】　　GamesastheFoundationforUnderstandingComplexEconomicIssues 　　作为理解复杂经济事务的基础的博弈　　Gametheoryemanatesfromstudiesofgamessuchaschessorpoker.Everyoneknowsthatinthesegames,playershavetothinkahead-deviseastrategybasedonexpectedcountermovesfromtheotherplayer(s).Suchstrategicinteractionalsocharacterizesmanyeconomicsituations,andgametheoryhasthereforeprovedtobeveryusefulineconomicanalysis. 　　博弈论来源于对诸如国际象棋和扑克牌的研究.人人都知道这些游戏（博弈）中,玩家要想在前头——采用这样一种策略,来应对期望中对手的回击.这种策略互动同样刻画了很多经济情形,博弈论因此被证明在经济分析中更外有用. 　　ThefoundationsforusinggametheoryineconomicswereintroducedinamonumentalstudybyJohnvonNeumannandOskarMorgensternentitledTheoryofGamesandEconomicBehavior(1944).Today,50yearslater,gametheoryhasbecomeadominanttoolforanalyzingeconomicissues.Inparticular,non-cooperativegametheory,i.e.,thebranchofgametheorywhichexcludesbindingagreements,hashadgreatimpactoneconomicresearch.Theprincipalaspectofthistheoryistheconceptofequilibrium,whichisusedtomakepredictionsabouttheoutcomeofstrategicinteraction.JohnF.Nash,ReinhardSeltenandJohnC.Harsanyiarethreeresearcherswhohavemadeeminentcontributionstothistypeofequilibriumanalysis. 　　在经济学中使用博弈论的基础由约翰封诺依曼和奥斯卡摩根斯特恩的里程碑式的研究奠定,这项工作名为《博弈和经济行为的理论》（1944）.五十年后的今天,博弈论成为了分析经济课题的主导工具.尤其是非合作博弈论对于经济研究产生了巨大影响,这是一个排除订立合约情况的博弈论分支.这个理论的主要方面是均衡概念,这个概念是用来预测策略互动行为的后果的.那什,泽尔腾和豪尔绍尼是对这类均衡分析做出突出贡献的三杰. 　　JohnF.Nashintroducedthedistinctionbetweencooperativegames,inwhichbindingagreementscanbemade,andnon-cooperativegames,wherebindingagreementsarenotfeasible.Nashdevelopedanequilibriumconceptfornon-cooperativegamesthatlatercametobecalledNashequilibrium. 　　那什引入了合作博弈和非合作博弈的区别,前者情形下可以订立合约,后者情形下则不可行.那什发展了非合作博弈的均衡概念,这后来被称为那什均衡. 　　ReinhardSeltenwasthefirsttorefinetheNashequilibriumconceptforanalyzingdynamicstrategicinteraction.Hehasalsoappliedtheserefinedconceptstoanalysesofcompetitionwithonlyafewsellers. 　　泽尔腾是一个精炼纳什均衡概念用以分析动态策略互动行为的.他还把这些精炼过的概念应用到对仅有少量销售者的竞争的分析中. 　　JohnC.Harsanyishowedhowgamesofincompleteinformationcanbeanalyzed,therebyprovidingatheoreticalfoundationforalivelyfieldofresearch-theeconomicsofinformation-whichfocusesonstrategicsituationswheredifferentagentsdonotknoweachothers'objectives. 　　豪尔绍尼说明了如何分析不完全详细下的博弈,因此提供了一个活跃的研究领域——信息经济学——的理论基础,这一领域专门研究不同行为人在彼此不知道对方目的时的策略环境.