英语名词词组的构成,论文形式
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问题描述：
英语名词词组的构成,论文形式
欧阳刘彬回答：
文章1:
Beforewegoanyfurther,let'sremindourselvesofwhatannounphraseis.Mydefinitionis:
Anounphraseiseitherapronounoranygroupofwordsthatcanbereplacedbyapronoun.Forexample,'they','cars',and'thecars'arenounphrases,but'car'isjustanoun,asyoucanseeinthesesentences(inwhichthenounphrasesareallinbold)
Q:Doyoulikecars?
A:Yes,Ilikethem.
Q:Doyoulikethecarsoverthere?
A:Yes,theyarenice.
Q:DoyoulikethecarIboughtlastweek?
A:Yes,Ilikeit.(Note:'It'refersto'thecar',not'car')
Ifyouarealittlepuzzledatthispoint,tryandthinkofsomefurtherexamplesofnounphrasesusingthedefinitionabove,andcompareyourexampleswithsimplenouns.
Thestructureofnounphrases.
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文章2:
Noticethatseveralformsclassescanbe"reused."Forexample,inthenounphraseitispossibletousequantifierstofunctionaspre-determinersoraspost-determiners.Thiskindof"recycling"isknownasrecursion.Noticealsothatphrasesandevenwholeclausescanbe"recycled"intothenounphrase.Thisprocessofplacingaphraseofclausewithinanotherphraseofclauseiscalledembedding.Itisthroughtheprocessesofrecursionandembeddingthatweareabletotakeafinitenumberofforms(wordsandphrases)andconstructaninfinitenumberofexpressions.Furthermore,embeddingalsoallowsustoconstructaninfinitelylongstructure,intheoryanyway.
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文章3:
Nounphrasesnormallyconsistofaheadnoun,whichisoptionallymodified("premodified"Ifthemodifierisplacedbeforethenoun;"postmodified"ifthemodifierisplacedafterthenoun).Possiblemodifiersinclude:
determiners:articles(the,a),demonstratives(this,that),numerals(two,five,etc.),possessives(my,their,etc.),andquantifiers(some,many,etc.).InEnglish,determinersareusuallyplacedbeforethenoun;
adjectives(theredball);or
complements,intheformofaprepositionalphrase(suchas:thestudentofphysics),oraThat-clause(theclaimthattheearthisround);
modifiers;premodifiersifplacedbeforethenounandusuallyeitherasnouns(theuniversitystudent)oradjectives(thebeautifullady),orpostmodifiersifplacedafterthenoun.Apostmodifiermaybeeitheraprepositionalphrase(themanwithlonghair)orarelativeclause(thehousewhereIlive).Thedifferencebetweenmodifiersandcomplementsisthatcomplementscompletethemeaningofthenoun;complementsarenecessary,whereasmodifiersareoptionalbecausetheyjustgiveadditionalinformationaboutthenoun.
Thatnounphrasescanbeheadedbyelementsotherthannouns—forinstance,pronouns(Theycame)ordeterminers((I'lltakethese))—hasgivenrisetothepostulationofaDeterminer
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