1.who指人,在从句中作主语,不可省略.
2.whose指人也可指物,在从句中作定语,不可省略.
3.that多数指物,有时也可指人,只限用于限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语、宾语.作宾语时可省略.
4.which指物,在从句作主语、宾语,在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略
首先你自己应该看看语法书,大多数语法书首章都是句子结构多看些例句就好了
我给你简单解释一下
表语就是BE动词或者是感官动词后面的成分,它所表示的是主语的状态或者特征等.
eg:iamtall.这里面的tall就是表语,表示主语的特征就是tall
ittastesgood这里的good是表语.
定语就是起限制修饰作用的成分,
eg:sheisabeautifulgirl.这里的beautiful是定语.
你如果是初中的学生,那么你只需要掌握下面的,但是高中就不是了
1)who:当先行项指人时,在定语从句中作主语.
eg:ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.
Themanwhowashereyesterdayisaartist.
2)whom:当先行项指人时,在定语从句中作宾语.
eg:ThemanwhomIsawiscalledSmith.
Theprofessorwhomyouwishtoseehascome.
3)which:当先行项指物时,在定语从句中作主语、宾语.
eg:Thisisthebookwhichhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.(主语)
Hedoesn’tknowtherulewhicheverybodyknows.(宾语)
4)that:当先行项指人、物时,在定语从句中作主语、宾语.
eg:Thebuildingthatstandsoverthereisahospital.
TheletterthatIreceivedformhimyesterdayisveryimportant.
Ishethemanthatsellseggs?
Heisthemanthatwearelookingfor.
2.关系副词(在定语从句中作状语):when,where,why…
1)when:时间状语
eg:HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.
2)where:地点状语
eg:Thatistheplacewhereheoncelived.
3)why:原因状语(why只有限定用法,而非限定用法则用forwhichreason)
eg:Herefusedtodisclosethereasonwhyhedidit.
ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthattherewasatrafficjamonmywayhere.
4)先行词为theway用inwhich或that引导,不能用how引导.
eg:Theway(that/inwhich)youansweredthequestionswasadmirable.
Thisisthewayhebehaves.
5)关系副词的转化:关系副词=介词+which
eg:Thisistheplacewhere(=inwhich)IlivedwhenIwasyoung.
