ThetermmotivationisderivedfromtheLatinwordmovere,meaning"tomove."Motivationisthepushofthementalforcestoaccomplishanactionorgoalwillinglywithoutbeingforcedortoldtodoso.Itisanunsatisfiedneedthatdriveshumanbehaviortoexertefforttoreachthegoals.Forexamplewestudybecausewearelackofknowledge;weworkbecausewearelackofmoney.Wewillinturnbemotivatedbywhatwearelackof.
Motivationtechniquesinthepastwereverydifferentfromtoday.Manypeoplearequestioningonwhetherthemotivationtechniquesofyesterdayarestillusefultoday.Withastableeconomy,highstandardofliving,andalowunemploymentrate,itmayseemthattherearenotmanythingsthatcanmotivateemployeestoday.However,greedinessispartofhumannature.Peoplealwayswantmoreandneverseemsatisfiedwithwhattheyhave.
Nelson(1996)statesthatmostmotivationaltechniquesareessentiallythesameasinpreviousyears.Perhaps,however,basicphysicalneedsdonothaveasmuchimpactinmotivatingemployeestoday.Otherfactorsthathaveatremendousimpactarerecognition,respect,involvement,advancement,andinterestingandmeaningfulwork.Althoughthereareseveraltheoriesonmotivation,wearenowlookingatAbrahamMaslow’shierarchyofneedstoacquireabetterunderstandingofmotivation.
ThisdiagramshowsMaslow'shierarchyofneeds,representedasapyramidwiththemoreprimitiveneedsatthebottom
AbrahamMaslowdevelopedthehierarchyofneedstheory.Thistheoryisbasedontheassumptionthatindividualsaremotivatedtosatisfytheirneedsandwithineveryindividualtherearefiveneedsandtheyarerelatedtoeachotherintheformofahierarchy.TheyarethePhysiologicalneeds,Safetyneeds,Love/Belongingneeds,EsteemneedsandSelfactualizationneeds.
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