easyeasiereasiest
lazylazierlaziest
prettyprettierprettiest
naughtynaughtiernaughtiest
mealymealiermealiest
earlyearlierearliest
thirstythirstierthirstiest
Dull—duller--dullest
Loud-louder--loudest
Boring—moreboring—mostboring
Creative—morecreative—mostcreative
Warm---warmer--warmest
Expensive—moreexpensive—mostexpensive
high,higher,highestlarge,larger,largest
wet,wetter,wettestbusy,busier,busiest
delicious,moredelicious,mostdelicious
heavy,heavier,heaviest
dry,drier,driest
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级.
1.原级的构成和用法
1)构成:形容词、副词的原级形式是形容词、副词的原形.
2)用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“notso(as)+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构.例如:XiaoWangisastallasXiaoLiu.Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.I’lltrytoearnasmuchasTom.
2.比较级和最高级的构成和用法
1)比较级和最高级的构成:
①单音节形容词以及少数以er,ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er”,“est”.例如:great,greater,greatest;fast,faster,fastest;clever,cleverer,cleverest;narrow,narrower,narrowest
②以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词,以及少数以ble,ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加“r”,“st”.例如:large,larger,largest;able,abler,ablest;simple,simpler,simplest
③以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加“er”,“est”.例如:hot,hotter,hottest;big,bigger,biggest
④以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词,要将y改为i,再加“er”,“est”.例如:easy,easier,easiest;early,earlier,earliest
⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most.例如:beautiful,morebeautiful,mostbeautiful;carefully,morecarefully,mostcarefully
⑥少数单音节形容词如real,glad,fond,tired,pleased等也加more和most构成比较级和最高级.例如:tired,moretired;mosttired,pleased,morepleased,mostpleased.
⑦下列形容词与副词的比较级和最高级有两种构成方法:
cruelercruelestofteneroftenest
cruel{often{
morecruelmostcruelmoreoftenmostoften
stricterstrictestfriendlierfriendliest
strict{friendly{
morestrictmoststrictmorefriendlymostfriendly
⑧下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则:good(well),better,best;bad(ill,badly),worse,worst;many(much),more,most;little,less,least
fartherfarthest
far{
furtherfurthest
oldelder/oldereldest/oldest
2)两种比较级(最高级)形式用法上的差别:
olderoldest
old{
eldereldest
elder和eldest主要用来表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系,elder不与than连用.例如:Sheistheeldestofthethree(sisters).(Sheistheeldestsister.)Myelderbrotheristwoyearsolderthanme.Iamhiseldestdaughter(son).
fartherfarthest
far{
furtherfurthest
further和furthest也是far的比较级和最高级,但现在furthest用得较少,而further除了表示距离等“较远”之外,还有“进一步”的意思.例如:Nofurtherdis-cussionisnecessary.没有必要作进一步的讨论.Don’tmakeanychangestillfurthernotice.在另有通知之前,不要做任何变动.
laterlatest
late{
latterlast
later指时间上的“后来;稍后”,而latter指顺序上的“后者”,与the连用.例如:Seeyoulater.BettyandSusanarebothmygirlfriends;theformer(前者)isslim(瘦)andthelatterisplump(胖).
注意:latter常指一段时间的“下一半”.例如:thelatterhalfofthemonth下半月.latest指时间上的“最迟的、最近的”;last指顺序上“