阅读理解。

First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment

is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain important signs including pulsetemperaturean

unobstructed (未堵塞的) airway and breathing. In minor emergenciesfirst aid may prevent a victim's

condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be done as quickly as possible. In

the case of the badly injureda few minutes car make the difference between complete recovery and loss

oflife.

First-aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill.

Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injuryfor examplecan lead to lifelong disabilify.

Despite the variety of possible injuriesseveral suggestions should be followed if first aid applies to all

emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victimif sensibleshould be

reassured that medical aid has been requestedand asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next

assess (评估) the sceneasking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the

injury or illnessany care that may have already been givenand preexisting conditions such as high blood

pressure and heart trouble. The victim's medical card should be checked that describes special medical

conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injurydo not move

the victim.

First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist.

One method to assess a victim's condition is known as the ABCwhich stands for:

A-Airway:ls it open and unobstructed?

B-Breathing:Is the person breathing? Looklistenand feel for breat