2NaHCO3===Na2CO3+H2O+CO2
Na2S2O3+H2SO4===Na2SO4+S+SO2+H2O
Na3PO4+HCl===Na2HPO4+NaCl
Na2HPO4+HCl===NaH2PO4+NaCl
NaH2PO4+HCl===H3PO4+NaCl
Na2CO3+HCl===NaHCO3+NaCl
NaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+H2O+CO2
3Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O===2Al(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl
3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O===2Fe(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl
3NaHCO3+AlCl3===Al(OH)3+3CO2
3NaHCO3+FeCl3===Fe(OH)3+3CO2
3Na2S+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O===2Al(OH)3+3H2S
3NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O===4Al(OH)3
3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)===6NaNO3+2NO+3S+4H2O
3Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀)===3Na2SO4+2NO+H2O
2Na2SO3+O2===2Na2SO4
2NaOH+SO2(少量)===Na2SO3+H2O
NaOH+SO2(足量)===NaHSO3
2NaOH+SiO2===NaSiO3+H2O
2NaOH+Al2O3===2NaAlO2+H2O
2NaOH+Cl2===NaCl+NaClO+H2O
NaOH+HCl===NaCl+H2O
NaOH+H2S(足量)===NaHS+H2O
2NaOH+H2S(少量)===Na2S+2H2O
3NaOH+AlCl3===Al(OH)3+3NaCl
NaOH+Al(OH)3===NaAlO2+2H2O
(AlCl3和Al(OH)3哪个酸性强?)
NaOH+NH4Cl===NaCl+NH3+H2O
H2SO4(浓)+NaCl===NaHSO4+HCl
H2SO4(浓)+2NaCl===Na2SO4+2HCl
H2SO4(浓)+NaNO3===NaHSO4+HNO3
Na2O+SO3===Na2SO4
Na2O+CO2===Na2CO3
Na2O+2HCl===2NaCl+H2O
2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2
Na2O2+H2SO4(冷,稀)===Na2SO4+H2O2
Na2O+H2O===2NaOH
2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2
CO2+2NaOH(过量)===Na2CO3+H2O
CO2(过量)+NaOH===NaHCO3
NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===NaHCO3+NH4Cl
(此反应用于工业制备小苏打,苏打)
2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2
(NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3)
2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2
(NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3)
Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O无机化学部分
非金属单质(F2,Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si)
1.氧化性:
F2+H2===2HF
2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2
Cl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3
2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2
Cl2+2NaI===2NaCl+I2
Cl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl(2004北京高考)
2.还原性
S+6HNO3(浓)===H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O
3S+4HNO3(稀)===3SO2+4NO↑+2H2O
PX3+X2===PX5
C+CO2===2CO
(生成水煤气)
(制得粗硅)
Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H2↑
3.(碱中)歧化
Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO
(加酸抑制歧化,加碱或光照促进歧化)
Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O
2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2===CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O
金属单质(Na,Mg,Al,Fe)的还原性
4Na+O2===2Na2O
2Na+S===Na2S(爆炸)
2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2↑
Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2↑
2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2↑
2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑
2Al+6H2SO4(浓、热)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2O
(Al,Fe在冷,浓的H2SO4,HNO3中钝化)
Al+4HNO3(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O
2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2↑
Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2↑
Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+Cu
非金属氢化物(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)
1.还原性:
16HCl+2KMnO4==2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2↑+8H2O(实验室常用)
2H2S+SO2===3S↓+2H2O
2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl
8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4Cl
4NH3+3O2(纯氧)===2N2+6H2O
4NH3+6NO===5N2+6H2O(用氨清除NO)
2.酸性:
4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O(