Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitudetheattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysicsbiologychemistrygeologyengineeringmedicineoranyotherscience?
Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinoursocieties.Howevermanypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstaspectistheapplicationofthemachinesproductsandsystemsofknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop. Thesecondistheapplicationofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandaction thatscientistsuseintheirwork.
Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofallitseemsthatasuccessfulscientistiscurious-hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallypaysattentiontoproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfyingexplanationand looksforrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.
Heisagoodobserveraccuratepatientandobjectiveandusesthefactsheobservestothefullest.Forexampletrainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum(光谱).
Hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable.Herejectsauthorityastheonlybasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectively.
Furthermore hedoesnotreadilyaccepthisownideasinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.
Lastly heisfullofimagination sinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore heneedsimagination ifhewantstoguesshowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.
Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.
【小题1】Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough_________