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Passage3

Accordingtothebesthistoricalandarchaeologicalevidence,itisestimatedthatittook8000thousandto1millionyearsfrotheearth’spopulationtoreach250totalwhichexistedattheendofthefirstcenturyafterChrist.Forsometimeafterthat,disease,famine,andwarkeptthepopulationincreasedowntoafractionof1percentayearsothatmorethan15centuriespassedbeforethepopulationreached500million.Butinthenext250years,upto1850,thepopulationoftheworldshotuptothe1billionmark,andtodayithasreached3billion.ItispredictedbyUnitedNationsinvestigatorsthatinthenext35yearsthepopulationoftheworldwilldouble.

Whenexpertsareaskedwhatthemosteffectivemeasurewhichoverpopulationposes,theyreplythatatleastthreemeasurescanbeconsidered:

(1)increasingsourcesandsupplyoffoodforunderdevelopedcountries;(2)increasingtheindustrializationofunderdevelopedcountries;(3)regulatingconceptionandbirths.Theexpertsadd,however,thatnoneoftheproposedmeasurescaneffectivebyitself,thatallmustbecombinedintoanintegratedprogram.Theyalsoagreethatwithoutsomeregulationofconceptionsandbirths,anyothermeasuresaredoomedtofailure.

11.OurinformationaboutthepopulationoftheearthbeforethefirstcenturyafterChristcomesmainlyfrom__________.

A.estimatesbasedoncurrentpopulationgrowth

B.referencesinliteratureandmythology

C.estimatesbasedonpreviouspopulationgrowth

D.writtenrecordsandculturalremains

12.ItisestimatedthatintheyearA)D)100thepopulationoftheearthwasabout________.

A.800thousandB.1millionC.250millionD.500million

13.Thepopulationoftheworlddoubledbetweentheyear________.

A.1850andtodayB.100andtheyear1600

C.100andtheyear1400D.1andtheyear100

14.Populationgrowthwasmostrestrictedintheperiodfrom_________.

A.100B.CtoA.D100BA.D.100toA.D.100

C.A.D.1600toA.D.1850D.A.D1850tothepresent

15.Theword“famine”means___________

A.infectionB.destructionC.slaughterD.starvation