英语翻译
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原文如下
ElectrondotformulasclarifythemechanismofformingacoordinatebondintheneutralizationofaLewisacid.NeutralizationofaprotonbyanammoniamoleculeisA
Theacid—basepairAl3+andH2OundergoesLewisneutralizationbyformingsixcoordinatebonds.
ManydisplacementreactionsillustratetherelativestrengthoftheLewisacidorbase.Forexample,thecyanideionisastrongerbasethanthefluorideionbyvirtueofitsabilitytodisplacethefluorideionfromthehexafluoroferrate(III)ion:FeF63-+6CN-------→Fe(CN)63-+6F-
TherearemanyreactionsthatfittheLewisacid-baseconcept.IncontrasttoprotonlossorgainintheBronsted-Lowryconcept,theLewisconceptemphasizestheelectronpair------aLewisacidlacksanelectronpairinanemptyorbital,orhasanorbitalthatcanbevacatedandaLewisbasehasanonbondingelectronpairandcansupplythispairtoanothersubstancelackinganelectronpair.
ItisevidentthattheLewisconceptapplies,notonlytothechemicalbehaviorcorrelatedbytheBronsted-Lowryconcept,butalsotomanychemicalreactionsthatdonotinvolveprotontransfer,andforthisreasonitismostuseful.ItsgeneralityprecludestheestablishmentofascaleofacidandbasestrengthsforallLewisacidsandbases,butcomparisonscanbemadebetweenselectedsubstances.
Thetermsnucleophilic,andelectrophilicaresometimesappliedtobasesandacids.Lewisacidsthatacceptanelectronpairareelectrophilic,andthestrengthofLewisbasesismeasuredbytheirtendenciestosupplyelectrons.Forexample,H2OisastrongerbasethanCl-becauseH2OdisplacesCl~insupplyinganelectronpairfortheproton:
HCl+H2O------→H3O++Cl-
Consequently,H2OisastrongernucleophilicagentthanCl-.