OtherkidsfeltsorryforJohnwhenhewasgrowingup Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegardencarryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthoodhewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfactionabettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofallhewashappier.Farhappier.

Thesearethefindingsofa40-yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety”saidGeorgeVaillantthepsychologist(心理学家)whomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselvesothersfeltgoodaboutthem.”

Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages2531and47.UnderVaillanttheresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobshouseworkeffortinschoolandabilitytodealwithproblems.

Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeoplefivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working----atanyage----isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelp

achilddevelopresponsibilityindependenceconfidenceandcompetence ------theunderpinnings(基础)ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphim understandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals. Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolovetoworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”

32.WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?

A.Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.

B.Hehadfewchildhoodplaymates.

C.Hereceivedlittlelovefromhisfamily.