MarieSkłodowska-Curie(7November1867–4July1934)wasaPolishandnaturalized-Frenchphysicistandchemistwhoconductedpioneeringresearchonradioactivity.ShewasthefirstwomantowinaNobelPrize,thefirstpersonandonlywomantowintwice,theonlypersontowintwiceinmultiplesciences,andwaspartoftheCuriefamilylegacyoffiveNobelPrizes.ShewasalsothefirstwomantobecomeaprofessorattheUniversityofParis,andin1995becamethefirstwomantobeentombedonherownmeritsinthePanthéoninParis.
Curiediedin1934atthesanatoriumofSancellemoz(Haute-Savoie),France,duetoaplasticanemiabroughtonbyexposuretoradiation–includingcarryingtesttubesofradiuminherpocketsduringresearchandherWorldWarIserviceinmobileX-rayunitscreatedbyher.